Muyan Hu, Ahan Gupta, and Jiachen Yuan, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign; Vima Gupta, Georgia Institute of Technology; Taeksang Kim and Xin Xu, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign; Janardhan Kulkarni and Ofer Dekel, Microsoft; Vikram Adve and Charith Mendis, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign
With the widening gap between compute and memory operation latencies, data movement optimizations have become increasingly important for DNN compilation. Current optimizations such as layout transformations and operator fusion only target a subset of tensor operators and consequently miss important opportunities for reducing data movement in contemporary DNN workloads, including large language models.
We introduce VTC, a novel tensor compilation framework that for the first time eliminates all unnecessary data movement by targeting the full spectrum of data movement operators. VTC proposes the concept of virtual tensors to track data movement between compute operators via index mappings rather than expensive physical data transfers to and from global memory, which can seamlessly interoperate with existing computation kernels and handle arbitrary tensor operator compositions. We also introduce a novel data movement elimination algorithm to automatically identify a profitable virtual tensor creation strategy. Evaluation on a variety of DNNs shows that VTC can outperform existing ML compilers by up to 1.93× (1.28× on average) on NVIDIA GPUs with up to 60% (17.5% on average) inference memory savings.
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author = {Muyan Hu and Ahan Gupta and Jiachen Yuan and Vima Gupta and Taeksang Kim and Xin Xu and Janardhan Kulkarni and Ofer Dekel and Vikram Adve and Charith Mendis},
title = {{VTC}: {DNN} Compilation with Virtual Tensors for Data Movement Elimination},
booktitle = {20th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 26)},
year = {2026},
isbn = {978-1-939133-55-7},
address = {Seattle, WA},
pages = {1949--1965},
url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/osdi26/presentation/hu-muyan},
publisher = {USENIX Association},
month = jul
}