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Gecko: Contention-Oblivious Disk Arrays for Cloud Storage

Authors: 

Ji Yong Shin, Cornell University; Mahesh Balakrishnan, Microsoft Research; Tudor Marian, Google; Hakim Weatherspoon, Cornell University

Abstract: 

Disk contention is increasingly a significant problem for cloud storage, as applications are forced to co-exist on machines and share physical disk resources. Disks are notoriously sensitive to contention; a single application’s random I/O is sufficient to reduce the throughput of a disk array by an order of magnitude, disrupting every other application running on the same array. Log-structured storage designs can alleviate write-write contention between applications by sequentializing all writes, but have historically suffered from read-write contention triggered by garbage collection (GC) as well as application reads. Gecko is a novel log-structured design that eliminates read-write contention by chaining together a small number of drives into a single log, effectively separating the tail of the log (where writes are appended) from its body. As a result, writes proceed to the tail drive without contention from either GC reads or first-class reads, which are restricted to the body of the log with the help of a tail-specific caching policy. Gecko trades-off maximum contention-free sequential throughput from multiple drives in exchange for a stable and predictable maximum throughput from a single uncontended drive, and achieves better performance compared to native log-structured or RAID based systems for most cases. Our in-kernel implementation provides random write bandwidth to applications of 60 to 120MB/s, despite concurrent GC activity, application reads, and an adversarial workload.

Ji Yong Shin, Cornell University

Mahesh Balakrishnan, Microsoft Research

Tudor Marian, Google

Hakim Weatherspoon, Cornell University

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BibTeX
@inproceedings {180741,
author = {Ji Yong Shin and Mahesh Balakrishnan and Tudor Marian and Hakim Weatherspoon},
title = {Gecko: Contention-Oblivious Disk Arrays for Cloud Storage},
booktitle = {11th {USENIX} Conference on File and Storage Technologies ({FAST} 13)},
year = {2013},
isbn = {978-1-931971-99-7},
address = {San Jose, CA},
pages = {285--297},
url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/fast13/technical-sessions/presentation/shin},
publisher = {{USENIX} Association},
month = feb,
}
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