Alexandra Klymenko and Stephen Meisenbacher, Technical University of Munich; Patrick Gage Kelley, Sai Teja Peddinti, and Kurt Thomas, Google; Florian Matthes, Technical University of Munich
The proliferation of AI has sparked privacy concerns related to training data, model interfaces, downstream applications, and more. We interviewed 25 AI developers based in Europe to understand which privacy threats they believe pose the greatest risk to users, developers, and businesses and what protective strategies, if any, would help to mitigate them. We find that there is little consensus among AI developers on the relative ranking of privacy risks. These differences stem from salient reasoning patterns that often relate to human rather than purely technical factors. Furthermore, while AI developers are aware of proposed mitigation strategies for addressing these risks, they reported minimal real-world adoption. Our findings highlight both gaps and opportunities for empowering AI developers to better address privacy risks in AI.
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author = {Alexandra Klymenko and Stephen Meisenbacher and Patrick Gage Kelley and Sai Teja Peddinti and Kurt Thomas and Florian Matthes},
title = {"We are not Future-ready": Understanding {AI} Privacy Risks and Existing Mitigation Strategies from the Perspective of {AI} Developers in Europe},
booktitle = {Twenty-First Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS 2025)},
year = {2025},
isbn = {978-1-939133-51-9},
address = {Seattle, WA},
pages = {113--132},
url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/soups2025/presentation/klymenko},
publisher = {USENIX Association},
month = aug
}
