Martín Abadi, Paul Barham, Jianmin Chen, Zhifeng Chen, Andy Davis, Jeffrey Dean, Matthieu Devin, Sanjay Ghemawat, Geoffrey Irving, Michael Isard, Manjunath Kudlur, Josh Levenberg, Rajat Monga, Sherry Moore, Derek G. Murray, Benoit Steiner, Paul Tucker, Vijay Vasudevan, Pete Warden, Martin Wicke, Yuan Yu, and Xiaoqiang Zheng, Google Brain
TensorFlow is a machine learning system that operates at large scale and in heterogeneous environments. Tensor- Flow uses dataflow graphs to represent computation, shared state, and the operations that mutate that state. It maps the nodes of a dataflow graph across many machines in a cluster, and within a machine across multiple computational devices, including multicore CPUs, general-purpose GPUs, and custom-designed ASICs known as Tensor Processing Units (TPUs). This architecture gives flexibility to the application developer: whereas in previous “parameter server” designs the management of shared state is built into the system, TensorFlow enables developers to experiment with novel optimizations and training algorithms. TensorFlow supports a variety of applications, with a focus on training and inference on deep neural networks. Several Google services use TensorFlow in production, we have released it as an open-source project, and it has become widely used for machine learning research. In this paper, we describe the TensorFlow dataflow model and demonstrate the compelling performance that Tensor- Flow achieves for several real-world applications.
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author = {Mart{\'\i}n Abadi and Paul Barham and Jianmin Chen and Zhifeng Chen and Andy Davis and Jeffrey Dean and Matthieu Devin and Sanjay Ghemawat and Geoffrey Irving and Michael Isard and Manjunath Kudlur and Josh Levenberg and Rajat Monga and Sherry Moore and Derek G. Murray and Benoit Steiner and Paul Tucker and Vijay Vasudevan and Pete Warden and Martin Wicke and Yuan Yu and Xiaoqiang Zheng},
title = {{TensorFlow}: A System for {Large-Scale} Machine Learning},
booktitle = {12th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 16)},
year = {2016},
isbn = {978-1-931971-33-1},
address = {Savannah, GA},
pages = {265--283},
url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/osdi16/technical-sessions/presentation/abadi},
publisher = {USENIX Association},
month = nov
}