Xiuqi Huang, Zhejiang University; Qingsong Zhu, Yaohua Tang, Honghao Wang, Xin Wei, Jinxin Liu, Guanyu Liu, Zongjia Chen, Tianyue Lan, Yunlong Wang, Hang Zhang, Rusong Jiao, Yuanwang Yue, Jie Ding, Xiaodong Luo, Zijin Han, Huan Sun, and Maoyin Liu, ByteDance Inc.; Wei Chen, Zhejiang University; Chengyu Dong and Rui Shi, ByteDance Inc.
Heterogeneous cloud storage relies on tiering to balance performance and cost. However, intra- and inter-node tiering face three major challenges: limited flexibility in redundancy and scaling; excessive disk and network traffic amplification; inefficiency in handling small I/Os. We propose ByteTier, a pool-based tiering system. Based on decoupled performance and capacity pools, ByteTier designs a cross-pool two-phase write mechanism: writes are cached and stored in the performance pool in the foreground, and re-encoded from the cache to the capacity pool in the background, providing flexibility and reducing disk and network overhead. Within this mechanism, ByteTier performs a workload-aware I/O aggregation method, adaptively merging small writes and batching them into device-friendly patterns to enhance throughput and reduce latency. ByteTier has been deployed in production at ByteDance for three years, serving diverse workloads. Evaluation shows that it significantly reduces both average and P99 write latency while improving write and read throughput.
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